Is a heat pump cheaper than gas in California?
West · Hot / mild (e.g. Gulf South, Southwest) · EIA residential fuel prices
For a reference 2,000 sq ft home in California (assumed seasonal COP 3.2, 95% gas furnace), a heat pump costs about $489/year to run versus about $337/year for natural gas — so a heat pump is about $152/yr more than a gas furnace. It is cheaper than propane ($557/yr), cheaper than heating oil ($701/yr), and far cheaper than electric resistance ($1,564/yr). The cheapest option here is natural gas furnace (95% afue). These are estimates — verify with an HVAC pro.
Source: EIA Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A (residential). Data as of June 2026.
California residential fuel prices
| Fuel | Residential price | Source / period |
|---|---|---|
| Electricity (residential) | 33.35¢/kWh | EIA, March 2026 |
| Natural gas (residential) | $1.998/therm | EIA, March 2026 |
| Heating oil (residential) | $5.156/gal | EIA, West Coast (PADD 5) |
| Propane (residential) | $2.929/gal | EIA, West Coast (PADD 5) |
Source: EIA (electricity, natural gas, heating oil & propane). Data as of June 2026.
California residential natural gas is $20.72/Mcf (about $1.998/therm), EIA March 2026. Heating oil and propane are EIA residential prices for West Coast (PADD 5) (Week ending 2026-03-30) — EIA does not publish these per individual state.
Annual heating cost in California — every system compared
Reference: a 2,000 sq ft home in a hot / mild (e.g. gulf south, southwest), roughly 16 MMBTU/year of useful heat. Energy cost only (no equipment, install or maintenance):
| Heating system | Annual energy cost | Annual use |
|---|---|---|
| Natural gas furnace (95% AFUE) | $337/yr | 168 therms |
| Heat pump | $489/yr | 1,465 kWh |
| Propane furnace (92% AFUE) | $557/yr | 190 gal |
| Heating oil (85% AFUE) | $701/yr | 136 gal |
| Electric resistance (baseboard, COP 1.0) | $1,564/yr | 4,689 kWh |
Source: EIA fuel prices + ENERGY STAR energy conversions. Data as of June 2026.
Cheapest to run in this reference case: Natural gas furnace (95% AFUE). Run your own home size, COP and prices.
Heat pump vs each fuel in California
| Comparison | Heat pump | Other system | Heat-pump result |
|---|---|---|---|
| vs natural gas (95% AFUE) | $489 | $337 | $152/yr more |
| vs propane (92% AFUE) | $489 | $557 | Saves $68/yr |
| vs heating oil (85% AFUE) | $489 | $701 | Saves $212/yr |
| vs electric resistance (COP 1.0) | $489 | $1,564 | Saves $1,075/yr |
How California compares with similar states
The five states with the closest electricity price to California, and how heat-pump-vs-gas savings look there:
| State | Electricity ¢/kWh | Heat-pump vs gas (ref. home) |
|---|---|---|
| California (this state) | 33.35¢ | $152/yr more |
| Connecticut | 30.47¢ | $973/yr more |
| Massachusetts | 30.21¢ | $522/yr more |
| Rhode Island | 29.91¢ | $1,122/yr more |
| New York | 28.55¢ | $878/yr more |
| Maine | 28.32¢ | $1,900/yr more |
Frequently asked questions
Is a heat pump cheaper to run than gas in California?
Not in this reference case. For a 2,000 sq ft home in California (assumed seasonal COP 3.2, 95% gas furnace), a heat pump costs about $489/year vs about $337/year for gas, because California has relatively high electricity prices. A heat pump is still typically cheaper than propane, oil and electric resistance here.
What does it cost to heat a home in California?
Using EIA March 2026 prices and a 2,000 sq ft home in a hot / mild (e.g. gulf south, southwest) (about 16 MMBTU/yr), estimated annual energy cost is about: heat pump $489, natural gas $337, propane $557, heating oil $701, electric resistance $1,564. The cheapest here is natural gas furnace (95% afue).
Is a heat pump cheaper than propane or heating oil in California?
In this reference case, vs propane a heat pump saves about $68/year, and vs heating oil it saves about $212/year. Heat pumps usually beat both delivered fuels comfortably because they deliver far more heat per unit of energy.
How does California rank for heat-pump savings?
On heat-pump savings vs a gas furnace (reference 2,000 sq ft home), California ranks #25 of 51 states (1 = saves the most). This reflects California's mix of 33.35¢/kWh electricity and $1.998/therm gas.
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Sources & accuracy
Electricity: EIA Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A (residential) (March 2026); natural gas: EIA residential price (March 2026); heating oil & propane: EIA Heating Oil and Propane Update (West Coast (PADD 5), Week ending 2026-03-30); energy constants: ENERGY STAR Thermal Energy Conversions. All U.S. public domain. These are statewide/regional averages and the comparison is an estimate, not a quote or engineering analysis. Actual savings depend on your home, climate, equipment and rates. Verify with an HVAC professional. See methodology and disclaimer.
Last updated: 2026-06-29